The Four Types of Steel Structures

Frame structures consist of beams and columns connected by rigid or pinned joints. This system is designed to resist both vertical and horizontal loads (such as wind and seismic forces). It is the most common structural form for high-rise buildings and industrial plants.

Truss structures are assemblies of many slender members (e.g., angles, tubes) connected at their ends to form a series of triangular units. They utilize the stability of their geometric shape to span long distances, commonly used in roofs, bridges, and towers. They are characterized by their light weight and high rigidity.

Grid structures (or space frame structures) are large-span spatial structures made of multiple members connected at nodes in a specific grid pattern. They feature three-dimensional load-bearing characteristics, offering light weight, high stiffness, and aesthetic appearance. They are widely used in the roofs of large stadiums, airport terminals, exhibition centers, etc.

Arch structures are curved structural forms that transfer loads primarily as axial compression along their curve to the supports. They can achieve very long spans and are often used in bridges, large public buildings, and roof systems, creating vast column-free interior spaces.